tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-58022382509027475902024-02-19T02:24:20.085-08:00Smash your brain......and expand your mindUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger129125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-31855623775502729602020-05-12T00:46:00.000-07:002020-05-12T00:47:53.556-07:00The Feynman Lectures<div style="border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16.0016px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">Now, anyone with internet access and a web browser can enjoy </span><b style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit;">reading</b><span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"> </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">a high quality up-to-date copy of Feynman's legendary lectures.</span></div>
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This edition has been designed for ease of reading on devices of any size or shape; text, figures and equations can all be zoomed without degradation.</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="border: 0px; color: #9c0000; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; pointer-events: auto; text-decoration-line: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;" target="_self">Volume I</a></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18.4018px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">mainly mechanics, radiation, and heat</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="border: 0px; color: #9c0000; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; pointer-events: auto; text-decoration-line: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;" target="_self">Volume II</a></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18.4018px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">mainly electromagnetism and matter</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="border: 0px; color: #9c0000; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; pointer-events: auto; text-decoration-line: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;" target="_self">Volume III</a></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18.4018px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">quantum mechanics</span></div>
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♢</div>
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<a href="https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/Photos1_toc.html" style="border: 0px; color: #9c0000; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; pointer-events: auto; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;" target="_self">Lecture Photos 1961-62</a></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18.4018px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1314 flp lecture photos</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/Photos2_toc.html" style="border: 0px; color: #9c0000; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; pointer-events: auto; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;" target="_self">Lecture Photos 1962-64</a></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18.4018px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1729 flp lecture photos</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/Notes.html" style="border: 0px; color: #9c0000; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; pointer-events: auto; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;" target="_blank">Feynman's Notes</a></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18.4018px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">611 pages of flp lecture notes</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/info/FLP_Original_Course_Notes/index.html" style="border: 0px; color: #9c0000; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; pointer-events: auto; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;" target="_blank">Original Course Handouts 1961-63</a></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18.4018px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">744 pages of flp student handouts</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-73975680785402091962017-05-15T08:52:00.002-07:002017-05-15T08:53:03.237-07:00Key events during the energy expansions of evolution<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/article-assets/npg/natecolevol/2017/s41559-017-0138/images_hires/w926/s41559-017-0138-f1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="376" src="https://www.nature.com/article-assets/npg/natecolevol/2017/s41559-017-0138/images_hires/w926/s41559-017-0138-f1.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "lora" , "palatino" , "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.17px;">(i) Life emerges; epoch of geochemistry begins. (ii) Anoxygenic photosynthesis: start of energy epoch 2, sunlight. (iii) Emergence of cyanobacteria. (iv) Great Oxidation Event: energy epoch 3, oxygen. (v) Probable eukaryotic fossils appear. (vi) Fossils of red algae appear. (vii) Start of energy epoch 4, flesh. (viii) Vascular plants colonize land; fire appears on Earth. Finally, the burning logs indicate the start of energy epoch 5, fire. The dates of (i)–(iii) are highly uncertain. For (i) I have taken the earliest date for which there is evidence consistent with life</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "lora" , "palatino" , "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.75px; letter-spacing: 0.17px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-017-0138#ref20" id="ref-link-figure-1" style="background-color: transparent; color: #006699; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Bell, E. A., Boehnke, P., Harrison, T. M. & Mao, W. L. Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, 14518–14521 (2015).">20</a></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "lora" , "palatino" , "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.17px;">. For (ii) I have taken the earliest date for which there is evidence consistent with photosynthesis</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "lora" , "palatino" , "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.75px; letter-spacing: 0.17px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-017-0138#ref18" id="ref-link-figure-2" style="background-color: transparent; color: #006699; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Rosing, M. 13C-depleted carbon microparticles in >3700-Ma sea-floor sedimentary rocks from west Greenland. Science 283, 674–676 (1999).">18</a>,<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-017-0138#ref19" id="ref-link-figure-3" style="background-color: transparent; color: #006699; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Pecoits, E. et al. Atmospheric hydrogen peroxide and Eoarchean iron formations. Geobiology 13, 1–14 (2015).">19</a>,<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-017-0138#ref21" id="ref-link-figure-4" style="background-color: transparent; color: #006699; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Nutman, A. P., Bennett, V. C., Friend, C. R. L., Van Kranendonk, M. J. & Chivas, A. R. Rapid emergence of life shown by discovery of 3,700-million-year-old microbial structures. Nature 537, 535–538 (2016).">21</a></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "lora" , "palatino" , "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.17px;">. For (iii), I have marked the date currently supported by fossil evidence for the presence of cyanobacteria (see main text, ‘Cyanobacteria and the oxygenation of the air’). Tick marks represent intervals of 25 million years. Figure drawn by F. Zsolnai.</span></td></tr>
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<br />Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-81193176007228538972016-12-06T00:39:00.000-08:002016-12-06T00:39:42.925-08:00Waves<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.advaitainfo.com/imagen/curso/espectro-electromagnetico.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.advaitainfo.com/imagen/curso/espectro-electromagnetico.gif" height="416" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-65920390024382486332016-12-06T00:36:00.001-08:002016-12-06T00:36:07.022-08:00PhET interactive simulations<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/zsTFNkVnbOY/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/zsTFNkVnbOY?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
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<tr><td class="simulation-list-item" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; margin-right: 10px; padding: 10px 20px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 130px;"><a class="simulation-link" href="https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/arithmetic" style="display: block; position: relative; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="new-ribbon" class="new-ribbon" height="51" src="https://phet.colorado.edu/images/icons/sim-badges/new.png" style="border: 0px; font-size: 2px; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px;" width="45" /><img alt="Screenshot of the simulation Arithmetic" class="simulation-list-thumbnail" height="84" id="simulation-display-thumbnail-arithmetic" src="https://phet-downloads.colorado.edu/sims/html/arithmetic/latest/arithmetic-128.png" style="border: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 1px 1px 4px; font-size: 2px; margin-bottom: 5px;" width="128" /><br /><strong><span class="simulation-list-title" style="color: #c14120;">Arithmetic</span></strong><br /><span class="sim-display-badge sim-badge-html" style="background-image: url("../images/icons/sim-badges/html5-badge.png"); background-size: 28px 28px; display: block; height: 28px; left: 111px; position: absolute; top: 62px; width: 28px;"></span></a></td><td class="simulation-list-item" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; margin-right: 10px; padding: 10px 20px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 130px;"><a class="simulation-link" href="https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/bending-light" style="display: block; position: relative; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="new-ribbon" class="new-ribbon" height="51" src="https://phet.colorado.edu/images/icons/sim-badges/new.png" style="border: 0px; font-size: 2px; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px;" width="45" /><img alt="Screenshot of the simulation Bending Light" class="simulation-list-thumbnail" height="84" id="simulation-display-thumbnail-bending-light" src="https://phet-downloads.colorado.edu/sims/html/bending-light/latest/bending-light-128.png" style="border: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 1px 1px 4px; font-size: 2px; margin-bottom: 5px;" width="128" /><br /><strong><span class="simulation-list-title" style="color: #c14120;">Bending Light</span></strong><br /><span class="sim-display-badge sim-badge-html" style="background-image: url("../images/icons/sim-badges/html5-badge.png"); background-size: 28px 28px; display: block; height: 28px; left: 111px; position: absolute; top: 62px; width: 28px;"></span></a></td><td class="simulation-list-item" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; margin-right: 10px; padding: 10px 20px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 130px;"><a class="simulation-link" href="https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/charges-and-fields" style="display: block; position: relative; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="new-ribbon" class="new-ribbon" height="51" src="https://phet.colorado.edu/images/icons/sim-badges/new.png" style="border: 0px; font-size: 2px; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px;" width="45" /><img alt="Screenshot of the simulation Charges And Fields" class="simulation-list-thumbnail" height="84" id="simulation-display-thumbnail-charges-and-fields" src="https://phet-downloads.colorado.edu/sims/html/charges-and-fields/latest/charges-and-fields-128.png" style="border: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 1px 1px 4px; font-size: 2px; margin-bottom: 5px;" width="128" /><br /><strong><span class="simulation-list-title" style="color: #c14120;">Charges And Fields</span></strong><br /><span class="sim-display-badge sim-badge-html" style="background-image: url("../images/icons/sim-badges/html5-badge.png"); background-size: 28px 28px; display: block; height: 28px; left: 111px; position: absolute; top: 62px; width: 28px;"></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="simulation-list-item" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; margin-right: 10px; padding: 10px 20px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 130px;"><a class="simulation-link" href="https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/function-builder" style="display: block; position: relative; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="new-ribbon" class="new-ribbon" height="51" src="https://phet.colorado.edu/images/icons/sim-badges/new.png" style="border: 0px; font-size: 2px; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px;" width="45" /><img alt="Screenshot of the simulation Function Builder" class="simulation-list-thumbnail" height="84" id="simulation-display-thumbnail-function-builder" src="https://phet-downloads.colorado.edu/sims/html/function-builder/latest/function-builder-128.png" style="border: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 1px 1px 4px; font-size: 2px; margin-bottom: 5px;" width="128" /><br /><strong><span class="simulation-list-title" style="color: #c14120;">Function Builder</span></strong><br /><span class="sim-display-badge sim-badge-html" style="background-image: url("../images/icons/sim-badges/html5-badge.png"); background-size: 28px 28px; display: block; height: 28px; left: 111px; position: absolute; top: 62px; width: 28px;"></span></a></td><td class="simulation-list-item" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; margin-right: 10px; padding: 10px 20px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 130px;"><a class="simulation-link" href="https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/hookes-law" style="display: block; position: relative; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="new-ribbon" class="new-ribbon" height="51" src="https://phet.colorado.edu/images/icons/sim-badges/new.png" style="border: 0px; font-size: 2px; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px;" width="45" /><img alt="Screenshot of the simulation Hooke's Law" class="simulation-list-thumbnail" height="84" id="simulation-display-thumbnail-hookes-law" src="https://phet-downloads.colorado.edu/sims/html/hookes-law/latest/hookes-law-128.png" style="border: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 1px 1px 4px; font-size: 2px; margin-bottom: 5px;" width="128" /><br /><strong><span class="simulation-list-title" style="color: #c14120;">Hooke's Law</span></strong><br /><span class="sim-display-badge sim-badge-html" style="background-image: url("../images/icons/sim-badges/html5-badge.png"); background-size: 28px 28px; display: block; height: 28px; left: 111px; position: absolute; top: 62px; width: 28px;"></span></a></td><td class="simulation-list-item" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; margin-right: 10px; padding: 10px 20px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 130px;"><a class="simulation-link" href="https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/isotopes-and-atomic-mass" style="display: block; position: relative; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="new-ribbon" class="new-ribbon" height="51" src="https://phet.colorado.edu/images/icons/sim-badges/new.png" style="border: 0px; font-size: 2px; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px;" width="45" /><img alt="Screenshot of the simulation Isotopes and Atomic Mass" class="simulation-list-thumbnail" height="84" id="simulation-display-thumbnail-isotopes-and-atomic-mass" src="https://phet-downloads.colorado.edu/sims/html/isotopes-and-atomic-mass/latest/isotopes-and-atomic-mass-128.png" style="border: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 1px 1px 4px; font-size: 2px; margin-bottom: 5px;" width="128" /><br /><strong><span class="simulation-list-title" style="color: #c14120;">Isotopes and Atomic Mass</span></strong><br /><span class="sim-display-badge sim-badge-html" style="background-image: url("../images/icons/sim-badges/html5-badge.png"); background-size: 28px 28px; display: block; height: 28px; left: 111px; position: absolute; top: 62px; width: 28px;"></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="simulation-list-item" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; margin-right: 10px; padding: 10px 20px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 130px;"><a class="simulation-link" href="https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/neuron" style="display: block; position: relative; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="new-ribbon" class="new-ribbon" height="51" src="https://phet.colorado.edu/images/icons/sim-badges/new.png" style="border: 0px; font-size: 2px; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px;" width="45" /><img alt="Screenshot of the simulation Neuron" class="simulation-list-thumbnail" height="84" id="simulation-display-thumbnail-neuron" src="https://phet-downloads.colorado.edu/sims/html/neuron/latest/neuron-128.png" style="border: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 1px 1px 4px; font-size: 2px; margin-bottom: 5px;" width="128" /><br /><strong><span class="simulation-list-title" style="color: #c14120;">Neuron</span></strong><br /><span class="sim-display-badge sim-badge-html" style="background-image: url("../images/icons/sim-badges/html5-badge.png"); background-size: 28px 28px; display: block; height: 28px; left: 111px; position: absolute; top: 62px; width: 28px;"></span></a></td><td class="simulation-list-item" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; margin-right: 10px; padding: 10px 20px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 130px;"><a class="simulation-link" href="https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/rutherford-scattering" style="display: block; position: relative; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="new-ribbon" class="new-ribbon" height="51" src="https://phet.colorado.edu/images/icons/sim-badges/new.png" style="border: 0px; font-size: 2px; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px;" width="45" /><img alt="Screenshot of the simulation Rutherford Scattering" class="simulation-list-thumbnail" height="84" id="simulation-display-thumbnail-rutherford-scattering" src="https://phet-downloads.colorado.edu/sims/html/rutherford-scattering/latest/rutherford-scattering-128.png" style="border: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 1px 1px 4px; font-size: 2px; margin-bottom: 5px;" width="128" /><br /><strong><span class="simulation-list-title" style="color: #c14120;">Rutherford Scattering</span></strong><br /><span class="sim-display-badge sim-badge-html" style="background-image: url("../images/icons/sim-badges/html5-badge.png"); background-size: 28px 28px; display: block; height: 28px; left: 111px; position: absolute; top: 62px; width: 28px;"></span></a></td><td class="simulation-list-item" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; margin-right: 10px; padding: 10px 20px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 130px;"><a class="simulation-link" href="https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/trig-tour" style="display: block; position: relative; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="new-ribbon" class="new-ribbon" height="51" src="https://phet.colorado.edu/images/icons/sim-badges/new.png" style="border: 0px; font-size: 2px; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px;" width="45" /><img alt="Screenshot of the simulation Trig Tour" class="simulation-list-thumbnail" height="84" id="simulation-display-thumbnail-trig-tour" src="https://phet-downloads.colorado.edu/sims/html/trig-tour/latest/trig-tour-128.png" style="border: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 1px 1px 4px; font-size: 2px; margin-bottom: 5px;" width="128" /><br /><strong><span class="simulation-list-title" style="color: #c14120;">Trig Tour</span></strong></a><div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-45807905656986134422016-08-16T10:55:00.002-07:002016-08-16T10:55:17.475-07:00Time-resolved 2-million-year-old supernova activity discovered in Earth’s microfossil record<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="http://ep01.epimg.net/elpais/imagenes/2016/08/11/ciencia/1470914595_750056_1470915129_noticia_normal_recorte1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://ep01.epimg.net/elpais/imagenes/2016/08/11/ciencia/1470914595_750056_1470915129_noticia_normal_recorte1.jpg" height="266" width="400" /></a></div>
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Massive stars, which terminate their evolution in a cataclysmic explosion called a type-II supernova, are the nuclear engines of galactic nucleosynthesis. Among the elemental species known to be produced in these stars, the radioisotope 60Fe stands out: This radioisotope has no natural, terrestrial production mechanisms; thus, a detection of 60Fe atoms within terrestrial reservoirs is proof for the direct deposition of supernova material within our solar system. We report, in this work, the direct detection of live 60Fe atoms in biologically produced nanocrystals of magnetite, which we selectively extracted from two Pacific Ocean sediment cores. We find that the arrival of supernova material on Earth coincides with the lower Pleistocene boundary (2.7 Ma) and that it terminates around 1.7 Ma (<a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/113/33/9232.abstract" target="_blank">details</a>).</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-68152465820455504142016-02-14T07:42:00.002-08:002016-02-14T07:42:59.982-08:00Gravitational waves and The Theory of Relativity<h2 class="card__title" style="background: rgb(0, 122, 144); border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-family: 'Telesans Text', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.0625rem; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; padding: 10px; text-transform: uppercase;">
AN IDIOT'S GUIDE TO...</h2>
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The Theory of Relativity</h3>
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" 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Albert Einstein</div>
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Albert Einstein explained that what we perceive as the force of gravity in fact arises from the curvature of space and time.</div>
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He found that space and time were actually interwoven into a single continuum known as space-time.</div>
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As he worked out the equations for this general theory of relativity, Einstein realised that massive objects caused a distortion within this continuum.</div>
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Imagine a large body in the centre of a trampoline. The body would press down into the fabric, causing it to dimple. If a marble was then rolled around the edge, it would spiral inward toward the body, pulled in much the same way that the gravity of a planet pulls at rocks in space. </div>
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He proposed that objects such as the sun and the Earth work in a similar way. In the presence of matter and energy they can evolve, stretch and warp, forming ridges, mountains and valleys that cause things moving through to zigzag and curve. </div>
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Einstein determined that massive objects (like the Earth) cause a distortion in space-time which is felt as gravity.</div>
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<script height="349px" src="http://player.ooyala.com/iframe.js#ec=AxYzl1MDE6d8eZvaxyb8Kepg5N4EmFJj&pbid=7dfd98005dba40baacc82277f292e522" width="620px"></script>
<script height="349px" src="http://player.ooyala.com/iframe.js#ec=p4ZHQ4bDodmE2exv-AYlyRtOlAPbrj0f&pbid=7dfd98005dba40baacc82277f292e522" width="620px"></script>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-75166641614319007352016-01-28T11:44:00.000-08:002016-01-28T11:44:04.711-08:00ChronoZoom is aimed at visualizing the history of everything<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://czcommunity.azurewebsites.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/cropped-cropped-cropped-CZproject-logo1.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://czcommunity.azurewebsites.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/cropped-cropped-cropped-CZproject-logo1.png" height="38" width="320" /></a></div>
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ChronoZoom is an open source community project owned by the Outercurve Foundation and dedicated to visualizing the history of everything. ChronoZoom bridges the gap between the humanities and sciences using a notion of “Big History” to easily understand all this information. This project has been funded and supported by Microsoft Research Connections in collaboration with University California at Berkeley, Moscow State University and University of Washington Information School (iSchool), and The Center for Web and Data Science (WDS) departments.</div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: 'Open Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; text-align: start;">You can browse through all of history on ChronoZoom to find data in the form of articles, images, video, sound, and other multimedia. ChronoZoom links together a wealth of information that has been curated by experts and enthusiasts to tell important stories from history. By drawing upon the latest discoveries from many different disciplines, you can visualize the temporal relationships between events, trends, and themes. Some of the disciplines that contribute information to ChronoZoom include biology, astronomy, geology, climatology, prehistory, archeology, anthropology, economics, cosmology, natural history, and population and environmental studies.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; text-align: start;"><a href="http://join.chronozoom.com/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><b>Join ChronoZoom</b></span></a></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-72967254075812186812015-11-06T05:30:00.005-08:002015-11-06T05:31:46.745-08:00NASA | Thermonuclear Art – The Sun In Ultra-HD (4K)<div style="text-align: center;">
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It’s always shining, always ablaze with light and energy that drive weather, biology and more. In addition to keeping life alive on Earth, the sun also sends out a constant flow of particles called the solar wind, and it occasionally erupts with giant clouds of solar material, called coronal mass ejections, or explosions of X-rays called solar flares. These events can rattle our space environment out to the very edges of our solar system. In space, NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory, or SDO, keeps an eye on our nearest star 24/7. SDO captures images of the sun in 10 different wavelengths, each of which helps highlight a different temperature of solar material. In this video, we experience SDO images of the sun in unprecedented detail. Presented in ultra-high definition, the video presents the dance of the ultra-hot material on our life-giving star in extraordinary detail, offering an intimate view of the grand forces of the solar system.</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-18941616665961808242015-02-19T14:15:00.002-08:002015-11-06T05:29:52.558-08:00The quest to understand consciousness<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-27575458875997722672014-11-19T05:25:00.003-08:002014-11-19T05:25:57.339-08:00Optical illusions show how we see<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" mozallowfullscreen="" scrolling="no" src="https://embed-ssl.ted.com/talks/beau_lotto_optical_illusions_show_how_we_see.html" webkitallowfullscreen="" width="640"></iframe>Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-19718714225105923872014-05-21T04:35:00.001-07:002014-05-21T04:35:40.800-07:00Best Illusions of the Year<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="http://illusionoftheyear.com/top-rated-illusions/" rel="nofollow">More</a>Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-66470374629501777522014-01-11T06:33:00.000-08:002014-01-11T06:33:13.915-08:00Distinguishing between the brain and the mind<script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.hbo.com/scripts/s_code.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.hbo.com/alzheimers/scripts/embedded.js"></script> <OBJECT classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" WIDTH="600" HEIGHT="343" id="hbo_alzheimers_videoplayer"> <PARAM NAME=movie VALUE="http://www.hbo.com/alzheimers/embeddable/hbo_alz_videoPlayer.swf?id=1&xmlPath=http://www.hbo.com/alzheimers/embeddable/xml/alz.xml?id=4&xmlPath=http://www.hbo.com/alzheimers/embeddable/xml/alz.xml"> <PARAM NAME=quality VALUE=high> <PARAM NAME=bgcolor VALUE=#000000> <PARAM NAME=allowfullscreen VALUE=true> <PARAM NAME=allowscriptaccess VALUE=always> <embed width="600" height="343" windowmode="opaque" allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" menu="false" quality="high" bgcolor="#000000" name="hbo_alzheimers_videoplayer" id="hbo_alzheimers_videoplayer" src="http://www.hbo.com/alzheimers/embeddable/hbo_alz_videoPlayer.swf?id=1&xmlPath=http://www.hbo.com/alzheimers/embeddable/xml/alz.xml?id=4&xmlPath=http://www.hbo.com/alzheimers/embeddable/xml/alz.xml" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"/></OBJECT>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04796162963517707328noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-72739404262020100862014-01-11T06:21:00.000-08:002014-01-11T06:21:06.870-08:00The default network<script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.hbo.com/scripts/s_code.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.hbo.com/alzheimers/scripts/embedded.js"></script> <OBJECT classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" WIDTH="600" HEIGHT="343" id="hbo_alzheimers_videoplayer"> <PARAM NAME=movie VALUE="http://www.hbo.com/alzheimers/embeddable/hbo_alz_videoPlayer.swf?id=1&xmlPath=http://www.hbo.com/alzheimers/embeddable/xml/alz.xml?id=2&xmlPath=http://www.hbo.com/alzheimers/embeddable/xml/alz.xml"> <PARAM NAME=quality VALUE=high> <PARAM NAME=bgcolor VALUE=#000000> <PARAM NAME=allowfullscreen VALUE=true> <PARAM NAME=allowscriptaccess VALUE=always> <embed width="600" height="343" windowmode="opaque" allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" menu="false" quality="high" bgcolor="#000000" name="hbo_alzheimers_videoplayer" id="hbo_alzheimers_videoplayer" src="http://www.hbo.com/alzheimers/embeddable/hbo_alz_videoPlayer.swf?id=1&xmlPath=http://www.hbo.com/alzheimers/embeddable/xml/alz.xml?id=2&xmlPath=http://www.hbo.com/alzheimers/embeddable/xml/alz.xml" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"/></OBJECT>Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-43342447277231128652014-01-03T14:26:00.002-08:002014-01-03T14:26:29.287-08:00The observer effect<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-79895825072046929852013-08-07T11:27:00.002-07:002013-08-07T11:27:48.861-07:00Relative size of planets to the Sun<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-65407857728723910242013-04-27T00:03:00.000-07:002013-04-27T00:03:02.173-07:00Divided attention<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-69661962242020792522013-03-27T11:14:00.000-07:002013-03-27T11:15:22.808-07:00We all are going to die, and that make us lucky<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/IOXMjCnKwb4" width="560"></iframe>Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-24776187067333382532012-12-26T10:10:00.001-08:002012-12-26T10:10:56.994-08:00Impossible roof<iframe frameborder="0" height="360" scrolling="no" src="http://utils.lainformacion.com/videoservices/entuweb?id=SbMUXFHzIhEhpamLMhPKx4&width=640&height=360" width="640"></iframe>Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-9761800159574507332012-11-15T09:30:00.000-08:002012-11-15T09:30:05.150-08:00The Cognitive Benefits of Being BilingualToday, more of the world’s population is bilingual or multilingual than monolingual. In addition to facilitating cross-cultural communication, this trend also positively affects cognitive abilities. Researchers have shown that the bilingual brain can have better attention and task-switching capacities than the monolingual brain, thanks to its developed ability to inhibit one language while using another. In addition, bilingualism has positive effects at both ends of the age spectrum: Bilingual children as young as seven months can better adjust to environmental changes, while bilingual seniors can experience less cognitive decline.<br />
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We are surrounded by language during nearly every waking moment of our lives. We use language to communicate our thoughts and feelings, to connect with others and identify with our culture, and to understand the world around us. And for many people, this rich linguistic environment involves not just one language but two or more. In fact, the majority of the world’s population is bilingual or multilingual. In a survey conducted by the European Commission in 2006, 56 percent of respondents reported being able to speak in a language other than their mother tongue. In many countries that percentage is even higher—for instance, 99 percent of Luxembourgers and 95 percent of Latvians speak more than one language.1 Even in the United States, which is widely considered to be monolingual, one-fifth of those over the age of five reported speaking a language other than English at home in 2007, an increase of 140 percent since 1980.2 Millions of Americans use a language other than English in their everyday lives outside of the home, when they are at work or in the classroom. Europe and the United States are not alone, either. The Associated Press reports that up to 66 percent of the world’s children are raised bilingual.3 Over the past few decades, technological advances have allowed researchers to peer deeper into the brain to investigate how bilingualism interacts with and changes the cognitive and neurological systems.<br />
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Cognitive Consequences of Bilingualism<br />
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Research has overwhelmingly shown that when a bilingual person uses one language, the other is active at the same time. When a person hears a word, he or she doesn’t hear the entire word all at once: the sounds arrive in sequential order. Long before the word is finished, the brain’s language system begins to guess what that word might be by activating lots of words that match the signal. If you hear “can,” you will likely activate words like “candy” and “candle” as well, at least during the earlier stages of word recognition. For bilingual people, this activation is not limited to a single language; auditory input activates corresponding words regardless of the language to which they belong.4 <br />
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Some of the most compelling evidence for language co-activation comes from studying eye movements. We tend to look at things that we are thinking, talking, or hearing about.5 A Russian-English bilingual person asked to “pick up a marker” from a set of objects would look more at a stamp than someone who doesn’t know Russian, because the Russian word for “stamp,” “marka,” sounds like the English word he or she heard, “marker.”4 In cases like this, language co-activation occurs because what the listener hears could map onto words in either language. Furthermore, language co-activation is so automatic that people consider words in both languages even without overt similarity. For example, when Chinese-English bilingual people judge how alike two English words are in meaning, their brain responses are affected by whether or not the Chinese translations of those words are written similarly.6 Even though the task does not require the bilingual people to engage their Chinese, they do so anyway.<br />
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Having to deal with this persistent linguistic competition can result in language difficulties. For instance, knowing more than one language can cause speakers to name pictures more slowly7 and can increase tip-of-the-tongue states (where you’re unable to fully conjure a word, but can remember specific details about it, like what letter it starts with).8 As a result, the constant juggling of two languages creates a need to control how much a person accesses a language at any given time. From a communicative standpoint, this is an important skill— understanding a message in one language can be difficult if your other language always interferes. Likewise, if a bilingual person frequently switches between languages when speaking, it can confuse the listener, especially if that listener knows only one of the speaker’s languages.<br />
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To maintain the relative balance between two languages, the bilingual brain relies on executive functions, a regulatory system of general cognitive abilities that includes processes such as attention and inhibition. Because both of a bilingual person’s language systems are always active and competing, that person uses these control mechanisms every time she or he speaks or listens. This constant practice strengthens the control mechanisms and changes the associated brain regions.9-12<br />
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Bilingual people often perform better on tasks that require conflict management. In the classic Stroop task, people see a word and are asked to name the color of the word’s font. When the color and the word match (i.e., the word “red” printed in red), people correctly name the color more quickly than when the color and the word don’t match (i.e., the word “red” printed in blue). This occurs because the word itself (“red”) and its font color (blue) conflict. The cognitive system must employ additional resources to ignore the irrelevant word and focus on the relevant color. The ability to ignore competing perceptual information and focus on the relevant aspects of the input is called inhibitory control. Bilingual people often perform better than monolingual people at tasks that tap into inhibitory control ability. Bilingual people are also better than monolingual people at switching between two tasks; for example, when bilinguals have to switch from categorizing objects by color (red or green) to categorizing them by shape (circle or triangle), they do so more rapidly than monolingual people,13 reflecting better cognitive control when changing strategies on the fly.<br />
Changes in Neurological Processing and Structure<br />
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Studies suggest that bilingual advantages in executive function are not limited to the brain’s language networks.9 Researchers have used brain imaging techniques like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate which brain regions are active when bilingual people perform tasks in which they are forced to alternate between their two languages. For instance, when bilingual people have to switch between naming pictures in Spanish and naming them in English, they show increased activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a brain region associated with cognitive skills like attention and inhibition.14 Along with the DLPFC, language switching has been found to involve such structures as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), bilateral supermarginal gyri, and left inferior frontal gyrus (left-IFG), regions that are also involved in cognitive control.9 The left-IFG in particular, often considered the language production center of the brain, appears to be involved in both linguistic15 and non-linguistic cognitive control.16 <br />
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The neurological roots of the bilingual advantage extend to subcortical brain areas more traditionally associated with sensory processing. When monolingual and bilingual adolescents listen to simple speech sounds (e.g., the syllable “da”) without any intervening background noise, they show highly similar brain stem responses to the auditory information. When researchers play the same sound to both groups in the presence of background noise, the bilingual listeners’ neural response is considerably larger, reflecting better encoding of the sound’s fundamental frequency,17 a feature of sound closely related to pitch perception. To put it another way, in bilingual people, blood flow (a marker for neuronal activity) is greater in the brain stem in response to the sound. Intriguingly, this boost in sound encoding appears to be related to advantages in auditory attention. The cognitive control required to manage multiple languages appears to have broad effects on neurological function, fine-tuning both cognitive control mechanisms and sensory processes.<br />
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Beyond differences in neuronal activation, bilingualism seems to affect the brain’s structure as well. Higher proficiency in a second language, as well as earlier acquisition of that language, correlates with higher gray matter volume in the left inferior parietal cortex.18 Researchers have associated damage to this area with uncontrolled language switching,19 suggesting that it may play an important role in managing the balance between two languages. Likewise, researchers have found white matter volume changes in bilingual children20 and older adults.21 It appears that bilingual experience not only changes the way neurological structures process information, but also may alter the neurological structures themselves.<br />
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Improvements in Learning<br />
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Being bilingual can have tangible practical benefits. The improvements in cognitive and sensory processing driven by bilingual experience may help a bilingual person to better process information in the environment, leading to a clearer signal for learning. This kind of improved attention to detail may help explain why bilingual adults learn a third language better than monolingual adults learn a second language.22 The bilingual language-learning advantage may be rooted in the ability to focus on information about the new language while reducing interference from the languages they already know.23 This ability would allow bilingual people to more easily access newly learned words, leading to larger gains in vocabulary than those experienced by monolingual people who aren’t as skilled at inhibiting competing information.<br />
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Furthermore, the benefits associated with bilingual experience seem to start quite early—researchers have shown bilingualism to positively influence attention and conflict management in infants as young as seven months. In one study, researchers taught babies growing up in monolingual or bilingual homes that when they heard a tinkling sound, a puppet appeared on one side of a screen. Halfway through the study, the puppet began appearing on the opposite side of the screen. In order to get a reward, the infants had to adjust the rule they’d learned; only the bilingual babies were able to successfully learn the new rule.24 This suggests that even for very young children, navigating a multilingual environment imparts advantages that transfer beyond language.<br />
Protecting Against Age-Related Decline<br />
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The cognitive and neurological benefits of bilingualism also extend into older adulthood. Bilingualism appears to provide a means of fending off a natural decline of cognitive function and maintaining what is called “cognitive reserve.”9, 25 Cognitive reserve refers to the efficient utilization of brain networks to enhance brain function during aging. Bilingual experience may contribute to this reserve by keeping the cognitive mechanisms sharp and helping to recruit alternate brain networks to compensate for those that become damaged during aging. Older bilingual people enjoy improved memory26 and executive control9 relative to older monolingual people, which can lead to real-world health benefits.<br />
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In addition to staving off the decline that often comes with aging, bilingualism can also protect against illnesses that hasten this decline, like Alzheimer’s disease. In a study of more than 200 bilingual and monolingual patients with Alzheimer’s disease, bilingual patients reported showing initial symptoms of the disease at about 77.7 years of age—5.1 years later than the monolingual average of 72.6. Likewise, bilingual patients were diagnosed 4.3 years later than the monolingual patients (80.8 years of age and 76.5 years of age, respectively).25 In a follow-up study, researchers compared the brains of bilingual and monolingual patients matched on the severity of Alzheimer’s symptoms. Surprisingly, the brains of bilingual people showed a significantly higher degree of physical atrophy in regions commonly associated with Alzheimer’s disease.27 In other words, the bilingual people had more physical signs of disease than their monolingual counterparts, yet performed on par behaviorally, even though their degree of brain atrophy suggested that their symptoms should be much worse. If the brain is an engine, bilingualism may help to improve its mileage, allowing it to go farther on the same amount of fuel.<br />
Conclusion<br />
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The cognitive and neurological benefits of bilingualism extend from early childhood to old age as the brain more efficiently processes information and staves off cognitive decline. What’s more, the attention and aging benefits discussed above aren’t exclusive to people who were raised bilingual; they are also seen in people who learn a second language later in life.25, 28 The enriched cognitive control that comes along with bilingual experience represents just one of the advantages that bilingual people enjoy. Despite certain linguistic limitations that have been observed in bilinguals (e.g., increased naming difficulty7), bilingualism has been associated with improved metalinguistic awareness (the ability to recognize language as a system that can be manipulated and explored), as well as with better memory, visual-spatial skills, and even creativity.29 Furthermore, beyond these cognitive and neurological advantages, there are also valuable social benefits that come from being bilingual, among them the ability to explore a culture through its native tongue or talk to someone with whom you might otherwise never be able to communicate. The cognitive, neural, and social advantages observed in bilingual people highlight the need to consider how bilingualism shapes the activity and the architecture of the brain, and ultimately how language is represented in the human mind, especially since the majority of speakers in the world experience life through more than one language.<br />
Comments<br />
another overview of the assets of multilingualism<br />
Michal B. Paradowski<br />
11/2/2012 8:59:58 AM<br />
http://issuu.com/frse/docs/issues_in_promoting_multilingualism_internet#download <br />
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References<br />
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2. United States Census Bureau. American Community Survey. Retrieved October 1, 2012, from http://www.census.gov/acs/www/<br />
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3. Associated Press. (2001). Some facts about the world's 6,800 tongues. Retrieved October 1, 2012, from http://articles.cnn.com/2001-06-19/us/language.glance_1_languages-origin-tongues?_s=PM:US<br />
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4. Marian, V., & Spivey, M. (2003). Bilingual and monolingual processing of competing lexical items. Applied Psycholinguistics, 24(2), 173–193.<br />
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5. Tanenhaus, M. K., Magnuson, J. S., Dahan, D., & Chambers, C. (2000). Eye movements and lexical access in spoken-language comprehension: Evaluating a linking hypothesis between fixations and linguistic processing. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 29(6), 557–580.<br />
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6. Thierry, G., & Wu, Y. J. (2007). Brain potentials reveal unconscious translation during foreign-language comprehension. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(30), 12530–12535.<br />
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7. Gollan, T. H., Montoya, R. I., Fennema-Notestine, C., & Morris, S. K. (2005). Bilingualism affects picture naming but not picture classification. Memory and Cognition, 33(7), 1220–1234.<br />
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8. Gollan, T. H., & Acenas, L. A. (2004). What is a TOT? Cognate and translation effects on tip-of-the-tongue states in Spanish-English and Tagalog-English bilinguals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30(1), 246–269.<br />
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9. Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I., & Luk, G. (2012). Bilingualism: Consequences for mind and brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(4), 240–250.<br />
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10. Abutalebi, J., Annoni, J-M., Zimine, I., Pegna, A. J., Segheir, M. L., Lee-Jahnke, H., Lazeyras, F., Cappa, S. F., & Khateb, A. (2008). Language control and lexical competition in bilinguals: An event-related fMRI study. Cerebral Cortex, 18(7), 1496–1505.<br />
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11. Abutalebi, J., Pasquale, A. D. R., Green, D. W., Hernandez, M., Scifo, P., Keim, R., Cappa, S. F., & Costa, A. (2011). Bilingualism tunes the anterior cingulate cortex for conflict monitoring. Cerebral Cortex doi:10.1093/cercor/ bhr287<br />
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12. Green, D. W. (2011). Bilingual worlds. In Cook, V., & Bassetti, B. (Eds.). Language and bilingual cognition (pp. 229–240). New York: Psychology Press.<br />
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13. Prior, A., & MacWhinney, B. (2010). A bilingual advantage in task switching. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 13(2), 253–262.<br />
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14. Hernandez, A. E., Martinez, A., & Kohnert, K. (2000). In search of the language switch: An fMRI study of picture naming in Spanish-English bilinguals. Brain and Language, 73(3), 421–431.<br />
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15. Abutalebi, J., & Green, D. W. (2008). Control mechanisms in bilingual language production: Neural evidence from language switching studies. Language and Cognitive Processes, 23(4), 557–582.<br />
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16. Garbin, G., Sanjuan, A., Forn, C., Bustamante, J. C., Rodriguez-Pujadas, A., Belloch, V., & Avila, C. (2010). Bridging language and attention: Brain basis of the impact of bilingualism on cognitive control. NeuroImage, 53(4), 1272–1278.<br />
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17. Krizman, J., Marian, V., Shook, A., Skoe, E., & Kraus, N. (2012). Subcortical encoding of sound is enhanced in bilinguals and relates to executive function advantages. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(20), 7877–7881.<br />
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18. Mechelli, A., Crinion, J. T., Noppeney, U., O'Doherty, J., Ashburner, J., Frackowiak, R. S., & Price, C. J. (2004). Neurolinguistics: Structural plasticity in the bilingual brain. Nature, 431(7010), 757.<br />
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19. Fabbro, F., Skrap, M., & Aglioti, S. (2000). Pathological switching between languages after frontal lesions in a bilingual patient. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 68(5), 650–652.<br />
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20. Mohades, S. G., Struys, E., Van Schuerbeek, P., Mondt, K., Van De Craen, P., & Luypaert, R. (2012). DTI reveals structural differences in white matter tracts between bilingual and monolingual children. Brain Research, 1435, 72–80.<br />
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21. Luk, G., Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I., & Grady, C. L. (2011). Lifelong bilingualism maintains white matter integrity in older adults. Journal of Neuroscience, 31(46), 16808–16813.<br />
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22. Kaushanskaya, M., & Marian, V. (2009). The bilingual advantage in novel word learning. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 16(4), 705–710.<br />
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23. Bartolotti, J., & Marian, V. (2012). Language learning and control in monolinguals and bilinguals. Cognitive Science, 36, 1129–1147.<br />
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25. Craik, F. I., Bialystok, E., & Freedman, M. (2010). Delaying the onset of Alzheimer disease: Bilingualism as a form of cognitive reserve. Neurology, 75(19), 1726–1729.<br />
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26. Schroeder, S. R., & Marian, V. (2012). A bilingual advantage for episodic memory in older adults. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 24(5), 591–601.<br />
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27. Schweizer, T. A., Ware, J., Fischer, C. E., Craik, F. I., & Bialystok, E. (2012). Bilingualism as a contributor to cognitive reserve: Evidence from brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease. Cortex, 48(8), 991–996.<br />
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28. Linck, J. A., Hoshino, N., & Kroll, J. F. (2008). Cross-language lexical processes and inhibitory control. Mental Lexicon, 3(3), 349–374.<br />
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29. Diaz, R., & Klingler, C. (1991). Towards an explanatory model of the interaction between bilingualism and cognitive development. In E. Bialystok (Ed.), Language processing in bilingual children (pp. 167–192). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-72670876188934609142012-02-29T10:01:00.000-08:002012-11-15T10:19:06.027-08:00Musical Creativity and the BrainOn the spot, as great jazz performers expertly improvise solo passages, they make immediate decisions about which musical phrases to invent and to play. Researchers, like authors Mónica López-González and Dana Foundation grantee Charles J. Limb, are now using brain imaging to study the neural underpinnings of spontaneous artistic creativity, from jazz riffs to freestyle rap. So far, they have found that brain areas deactivated during improvisation are also at rest during dreaming and meditation, while activated areas include those controlling language and sensorimotor skills. Even with relatively few completed studies, researchers have concluded that musical creativity clearly cannot be tied to just one brain area or process.<br />
<a name='more'></a><br /><br />While working with young jazz soloists, Miles Davis once said, “Play what you hear, not what you know.”1 Practice, experience, and sheer talent taught Davis that a personally and socially satisfying gig occurs when the ideas entering the musician’s imagination are developed through solo improvisations instead of ignored in favor of practiced patterns.1 Simply put, no one wants to pay for and hear a contrived performance. Both the fascination we have with the art of in-the-moment creation and the value we place on it continue to flourish. Contemporary artists as varied as pianist Keith Jarrett, vocalist Bobby McFerrin, and rapper Eminem make their living off of improvising and regularly pack concert venues.<br /><br />Which brings us to the main questions underlying both theoretical and empirical work on creativity: What is it, and how do we accomplish it? The literature on creativity and its related topics—intuition, expert knowledge, problem-solving, achievement, and case studies of exceptional accomplishments—is vast, with perspectives coming from fields as diverse as philosophy, psychology, cognitive science, musicology, and art history.2-15 But research on creativity, particularly from the psychological perspective, can be considered a young science, having progressed only after prominent American psychologist J.P. Guilford made a plea for its empirical study during his 1950 presidential address to the American Psychological Association.3 Despite the later advent of brain-imaging techniques in the 1990s, the neuroscience of creativity began to harbor interest and to pick up pace only very recently.<br /><br />Any empirical work on the topic, however, requires a clear operational definition. The general consensus is that as a prominent characteristic of human intelligence, creativity is a fundamental activity of human information processing.12 A primary difference between our brains and those of other animals is our capacity to engage in cognitive abilities such as reasoning, representation, association, working memory, and self-reflection. During any creative act, from language production to marketing techniques selling the latest iPhone, ideas or past experiences are combined in novel and significant ways via the interaction of such cognitive capacities. The creative cognition approach is the current model dominating the neuroscientific study of creative thinking. According to this approach, creativity is far from a magical event of unexpected random inspiration. Instead, it is a mental occurrence that results from the application of ordinary cognitive processes.16 <br /><br />Humans appear to have a propensity for making complex new things that are not explicitly necessary for biological survival or reproduction. In comparison to other arts, such as design, photography, and sculpture, however, the universal abilities of musical creation and processing are generally accepted as some of the oldest and most fundamental of human socio-cognitive development. In fact, researchers have argued for music’s role in evolutionary biology.17-19 Scholar Ellen Dissanayake has further claimed from an ethnological stance that the creation and appreciation of art more generally are advanced adaptive behaviors that are key to social survival.20-22<br /><br />Creativity and Prefrontal Cortex Function<br /><br />A summary of brain structure and function reveals the importance of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to creative thinking. The brain is functionally divided into the frontal lobe and three posterior cortices known as the occipital, the parietal, and the temporal (OPT). Neurons in the OPT cortices are devoted to perception and long-term memory. Primary sensory cortices of all sense modalities, such as visual, motor, somatosensory, and auditory, are located in the OPT cortices, respectively. Each sensory cortex has an association cortex that further gathers and incorporates sensory information from its respective primary cortex.<br /><br /> Courtesy of Mónica López-González and Charles J. Limb<br /> <br /><br /><br /><br />Unlike the other cortices, the frontal lobe neither receives direct sensory input nor stores long-term memory. The frontal lobe is the seat of executive function and is essential to our ability to plan, to make decisions, to form judgments, to assess risk, and to formulate insight. The PFC, which occupies half the frontal lobe, integrates already highly processed information to enable even higher cognitive functions such as self-construct,23 complex social function,24 planning,25 and intentional action,26 among others. Research has further shown that working memory,27 temporal integration,28 and sustained and directed attention29 are key cognitive functions that provide the underlying framework to compute even higher cognitive functions because they act as buffers, simultaneously maintaining in-the-moment information in consciousness and ordering it in space-time as associations proceed.30 <br /><br />As neuroscientist Antonio Damasio suggests, a working memory buffer is critical for creative thinking because it allows for the retention of relevant knowledge while problem-solving;31 without it, the back-and-forth reworking of associations and consequent novel solution identification would be impossible feats, as is the case in monkeys and humans with PFC lesions.32 The PFC is further divisible into two functionally distinct parts: the ventromedial (VMPFC), which is connected to the amygdala and the cingulate cortex in the limbic system and is implicated in emotional evaluation,24 and the dorsolateral (DLPFC), which receives input from the occipital, parietal, and temporal regions and sends direct output to the motor cortices. Here too, Damasio notes the importance of these functional distinctions and suggests that the PFC’s ability to evaluate appropriateness is critical to the problem-solver as she determines how creative her solution really is.31<br /><br />Types of Creative Processes and Their Underlying Brain Mechanisms<br /><br />If we are to understand the underlying mechanisms of creative production, what is important is not so much the context for which the result was produced, but rather the hypothesis that creative thinking can lead to different types of inventions and disparate processes. In line with psychologist Ronald Finke’s findings that mental images can be generated intentionally or spontaneously during the problem-solving process,11 one of the more interesting proposals circulating is neurocognitive scientist Arne Dietrich’s claim that either of these problem-solving modes can occur within an emotional or cognitive context. Moreover, creative behavior is ultimately the result of a combination of the four psychological processes described below.14<br /><br />Deliberate cognitive: This process involves inventiveness that comes from sustained work in a discipline. Take, for example, Eadweard Muybridge, the British photographer who experimented for years with multiple cameras and precision timing. Eventually, he created a string of negatives proving that all of a horse’s hooves are indeed airborne at a certain point during a trot. The PFC induces this type of creativity by allowing for focused attention and connections to information stored and perceived in other parts of the brain. Muybridge revolutionized the field of animal locomotion by systematically using his knowledge of camera mechanics in novel ways and serendipitously uncovering the physics behind motion pictures.<br /><br />Deliberate emotional: Remember when you were given a Where’s Waldo? book and told to look for the guy with glasses, a red-and-white-striped shirt, and a matching hat? After a seemingly endless search, “Aha!”—you found him and smiled with satisfaction. Deliberate emotional creativity refers to the experience of such an “aha” moment, typically associated with a positive emotion. As with deliberate cognitive creativity, the VMPFC’s attentional network is involved. However, instead of connecting directly to perceptual and long-term memory areas, attentional resources are directed to emotional structures in the limbic system. Studies have recently shown that the “aha” moment is precisely correlated with significant activity in the amygdala,33 a structure known for its role in emotional learning.34 So next time you look for Waldo, you’ll remember how pleasant it felt to find him in the past, and that will keep you motivated to continue searching.<br /><br />Spontaneous cognitive: Otherwise known as the “eureka” moment, this type of creativity typically occurs suddenly when one has left the problem-solving context and directed attention to a completely different task. Here, the dopamine-rich basal ganglia of the brain, involved in the execution of automatic behaviors,35 operate outside conscious awareness. Searching in vain for novel solutions forces you into a mental gridlock. Until the problem is temporarily removed from conscious awareness, new perspectives cannot be gained.11 As you perform an unrelated activity, the PFC connects information in novel ways via unconscious mental processing.<br /><br />Spontaneous emotional: Usually referred to as an epiphany, this type of creativity occurs when neural activity in the amygdala is spontaneously represented in working memory. Given the biological significance of emotional events, these types of moments tend to be intense. While no apparent knowledge is necessary, specific skills may be required for these insights to come to fruition.<br /><br />What Do We Know About Spontaneous Musical Creativity in the Mind/Brain?<br /><br />Brain-imaging studies in music cognition have focused primarily on the neurobiology of music processing and the perception of emotion.36 Until recently, researchers neglected the psychological and neuroscientific study of the process of musical composition in both longitudinal case studies of musical scoring and studies of instantaneous, real-time creation. In 2007, researchers began to explore spontaneous improvised musical material as it is generated, perceived, and communicated among musicians.<br /><br />From the jazz artist’s perspective, improvisation refers to the dynamic moment at which the artist employs immediate decision-making as new ideas are conceived of and then integrated into the ever-evolving musical output.1 In regards to cognitive processes, improvisation can thus be defined as the spontaneous generation, selection, and execution of novel auditory-motor sequences. Since musicians must generate a potentially infinite number of contextually meaningful musical phrases by combining a finite set of notes and rhythms, researchers consider musical improvisation an optimal way to study the neural underpinnings of spontaneous creative artistic invention. While the study of real-time musical improvisation has been made easier with the use of custom-built, nonferromagnetic piano keyboards, noise-canceling microphones, electrostatic headphones, and contemporary functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques, experimenting with such a hallmark of artistic creation is no easy task. The conductors of music experiments must find just the right balance of experimental control and ecological validity.<br /><br />So far, researchers at three laboratories have specifically examined highly constrained simple melodic improvisations by classically trained pianists.37-39 Their investigations have found that the generation of musical structures implicates the sensorimotor and classic perisylvian language cortices (Wernicke’s and Broca’s semantic and syntactic processing areas), and the PFC, in particular the DLPFC.<br /><br />Asking the same neurocognitive question of what distinguishes improvisatory from memorized behavior, researchers Charles Limb and Allen Braun explored improvisation with professional jazz pianists.40 Instead of improvising over predetermined melodies with a fixed number of notes, participants either freely improvised to the auditory accompaniment of a prerecorded jazz quartet or reproduced memorized jazz sequences. Improvisation, in comparison to the production of overlearned material, was characterized by widespread activation in sensorimotor and language areas. Furthermore, activity observed in the PFC included both deactivation of the DLPFC and lateral orbital (LOFC) regions and focal activation of the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). In comparison to the more musically constrained generation studies, this study reveals a state of free-flowing complex musical ideas that may result from the combination of internally generated self-expression (via the MPFC) and attenuation of activity in the DLPFC. This observation is additionally intriguing given that altered states of mind such as dreaming, meditation, and hypnosis have produced such “turning-off” of executive functioning.41<br /><br />We have all most likely experienced moments of intense focused concentration at a task followed by a pleasurable aftereffect. Psychologist Mihaly Csíkszentmiháyli and colleagues proposed and developed the theoretical construct of a flow state, commonly referred to as being in the zone, to describe precisely that optimal experience that occurs during a highly motivated creative (but not necessarily artistic) act.7, 42 Researchers have made applications and correlations not only to music performance,43 but also to athletic competition.44 Research investigating possible links between musical creativity and Csíkszentmiháyli’s concept of flow, however, are sparse in regards to behavioral data, except for a study on long-term group composition,45 and lacking in neuroimaging data, with the exception of Limb and Braun’s study.40<br /><br />If one characteristic of a generative creative and artistic act is a state of flow, then musical genres other than jazz ought not only to be associated with generalized heightened activity in all sensory modalities, but also to exhibit an equivalent mental state. As with the Limb and Braun study,40 Mónica López-González and colleagues sought to identify the neural substrates underlying the spontaneous generation of rhyming sequences in hip-hop performance.46 Freestyle rapping, like jazz, involves the rapid, real-time generation of lyrics to the accompaniment of a rhythmic beat. During López-González’s study, using a similar methodology to that of Limb and Braun, professional freestyle rappers performed to rhythmic accompaniment as they either spontaneously improvised lyrics or recited a pre-memorized novel rap. In line with the other generation studies, improvisation, compared to nongenerative recitation, revealed heightened activity in the superior MPFC, classical language areas, sensorimotor cortices, and the cerebellum. Deactivation was observed in LOFC regions. In sum, the DLPFC and multiple sensory and language areas appear to be associated with the encoding and consequent implementation of novel auditory-motor sequences germane to the act of spontaneous musical improvisation.<br /><br />Perception of Improvised Material<br /><br />An alternative to investigating what occurs in the brain during real-time generation of novel material is researching its perception. Are listeners of jazz improvisation capable of evaluating offhand such spontaneously improvised material? Evaluation of improvised material can be important for aesthetics, enjoyment, and economic purposes; entire jazz competitions and festivals depend on this capacity of experienced judges and inexperienced, eager listeners.<br /><br />The single study that has been done to date made three observations after testing musically trained listeners attempting to differentiate between improvised and rehearsed jazz piano solos.47 First, judgment ratings revealed that experienced jazz musicians are relatively accurate at classifying performances as improvisations instead of rehearsed imitations. Second, fMRI data revealed correlations between listening to improvisations and increased activity in the amygdala, a structure in the limbic system also implicated in the processing of behavioral uncertainty.48 Third, fMRI data also revealed that activity in the pre-SMA, superior frontal gyrus, rostral cingulate cortex zone, Broca’s area, and motor-related areas (e.g., the cerebellum, primary motor area, and precentral gyrus) was stronger when people listened to melodies judged as improvised than when they listened to those judged as imitated. These data reveal an apparent cortical overlap between trained musicians listening to novel improvisatory material and those creating it.37-40, 46<br /><br />These observations provide strong evidence that musicians are far from passive listeners. Given personal experience with the art form in question, they engage in action simulation. The extent to which these findings are generalizable to nonmusicians remains to be determined. However, given the amygdala’s sensitivity to cues in musical uncertainty in the performers’ behavior, researchers can hypothesize that even nonmusicians appreciate performance fluctuations such as the timing between keystrokes and the force applied to each keystroke, both prominent auditory features for identifying musical spontaneity.49 Perhaps witnessing firsthand those unfolding moments of creation makes going to a live jazz performance or searching for that one classical LP recording so rewarding.<br /><br />Communication of Improvised Material<br /><br />Jazz performance is not typically a solo venture. Provided that it is an interactive live musical discourse among multiple performers, two intriguing questions arise. First, is this musical conversation manifested neurologically, given shared cognitive networks between music and language processing?50, 51 Second, given the interactive nature of the task, is a state such as Csíkszentmiháyli’s flow possible?<br /><br />In an fMRI study at Johns Hopkins, Gabriel Donnay and colleagues explored a typical jazz improvisation convention known as trading fours, whereby two or more musicians alternate solos of four-measure phrases for arbitrary lengths of time.52 Results revealed that improvisation during the trading fours task was associated with activation in Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas, sensorimotor areas, and the lateral PFC and deactivation in the medial frontal PFC. With only a single existing fMRI study exploring the perception of interlocutors during natural language discourse,53 this study adds to the nascent research hypothesizing that conversation, linguistic or musical, involves a complex network of brain regions that includes the PFC, perisylvian language cortices, and sensorimotor areas. Additionally, given the memory demands for the expected melodic and rhythmic consistency within a trading fours improvisatory task, complete entering into “the zone” may not be an applicable option in such a context. These hypotheses, of course, are but the beginning steps along this line of inquiry.<br /><br />The Future of the Neuroscience of Artistic Creativity<br /><br />The empirical study of artistic creativity paves the way for both a better and a more appreciative understanding of the psychological and neural processes underlying a fundamental aspect of human cognition. Although recent scientific work has not yet taken full advantage of its interdisciplinary potential, researchers have implemented a conceptual framework, and cognitive neuropsychologists are slowly beginning to break this optimal human experience into its constituent parts. It is clear even from the minimal studies available within musical creativity that creativity can neither be localized to a single area in the brain nor boxed into a single process phenomenon.<br /><br />Although researchers are only beginning to uncover the neural substrates of spontaneous invention, no mention has been made about how creative behavior interacts with aesthetic judgment or emotion. Given humans’ constant evaluations of the results of creative thinking and the effects it has on our consequent behaviors, it is reasonable to assume that studying the effects of emotion during creation may be another piece to the puzzle of what, how, and why we create. After all, a general social assumption is that emotion guides much of artistic creation. This is yet another empirical question.<br /><br />Finally, even within the few active years of research on creativity there has been an obvious bias toward studying musical creativity. But music is not the only art form that engages creative thinking and states of flow, provokes emotional responses, has aesthetic value and sociocultural significance, and is widely produced. The most immediate challenge for the field is to bridge into visual and other performing arts in order to formulate a more generalizable theory on artistic creativity.<br />Comments<br />creativity and the brain<br />Hamid Shibata Bennett, LMT, CAMT<br />2/22/2012 3:35:14 PM<br /><br />Charles... Dug your TED Talk. Mos Def in an fMRI chamber is pretty spiffy. There's something quite unique about an improvised life. I'm a student of the sensorimotor experience. I'd sure dig understanding the workings of improvised massage therapy and bodywork on the brain as compared to standard Swedish massage.<br /><br />I've always felt the art is communicative. As we begin to understand the language of mechanoreception, what lights up in the brain through improvised bodywork? I've started playing with idea-motonic response and standing bodywork, allowing the idea to generate movement. Folks report the sensory experience to be quite vibrant. As a creative fella, I also throw in all my creative outlets into the content... music, photography, writing... all a day in the life as a licensed massage therapist. A few examples of improvised bodywork.... http://youtu.be/lSOBliLwHvo http://youtu.be/mzB5tnq6YjU Charles, Mónica.... Is there a path to get this researched? Hamid : )<br />Post a Comment » <br />References<br /><br />1. Berliner, P. F. (1994). Thinking in jazz: The infinite art of improvisation. 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F., Isen, A. M., & Turken, A. U. (1999). A neuropsychological theory of positive affect and its influence on cognition. Psychological Review, 106, 529-550.<br /><br />36. Peretz, I., & Zatorre, R. J. (2005). Brain organization for music processing. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 89-114.<br /><br />37. Bengtsson, S. L., Csíkszentmiháyli, M., & Ullén, F. (2007). Cortical regions involved in the generation of musical structures during improvisation in pianists. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19(5), 830-842.<br /><br />38. Berkowitz, A. L., & Ansari, D. (2008). Generation of novel motor sequences: The neural correlates of musical improvisation. NeuroImage, 41, 535-543.<br /><br />39. de Manzano, Ö., & Ullén, F. (2011). Goal-independent mechanisms for free response generation: Creative and pseudo-random share neural substrates. NeuroImage, 59, 772-780.<br /><br />40. Limb, C. J., & Braun, A. R. (2008). Neural substrates of spontaneous music performance: An fMRI study of jazz improvisation. PLoS ONE, 3(2), 2-9.<br /><br />41. Dietrich, A. (2002). Functional neuroanatomy of altered states of consciousness: The transient hypofrontality hypothesis. Consciousness and Cognition, 12, 231-256.<br /><br />42. Csíkszentmiháyli, M., & Csíkszentmiháyli, I. S. (Eds.). (1988). Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<br /><br />43. de Manzano, Ö., Theorell, T., Harmat, L., & Ullén, F. (2010). The psychophysiology of flow during piano playing. Emotion, 10(3), 301-311.<br /><br />44. Young, J. A., & Pain, M. D. (1999). The zone: Evidence of a universal phenomenon for athletes across sports. Athletic Insight: The Online Journal of Sport Psychology, 1(3), 21-30.<br /><br />45. MacDonald, R., Byrne, C., & Carlton, L. (2006). Creativity and flow in musical composition: An empirical investigation. Psychology of Music, 34(3), 292-306.<br /><br />46. López-González, M., Sachs, M., Jiradevjong, P., & Limb, C. J. (in prep). Neural correlates of improvisation in freestyle rapping.<br /><br />47. Engel, A., & Keller, P. E. (2011). The perception of musical spontaneity in improvised and imitated jazz performances. Frontiers in Psychology, 2(83), 1-13.<br /><br />48. Singer, T., Critchley, H. D., & Preuschoff, K. (2009). A common role of insula in feelings, empathy and uncertainty. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 334–340.<br /><br />49. Keller, P. E., Weber, A., & Engel, A. (2011). Practice makes too perfect: Fluctuations in loudness indicate spontaneity in musical improvisation. Music Perception, 29(1), 109-114.<br /><br />50. Koelsch, S., Gunter, T. C., von Cramon, D. Y., Zysset, S., Lohmann, G., & Friederici, A. D. (2002). Bach speaks: A cortical ‘language-network’ serves the processing of music. NeuroImage, 17, 956-966.<br /><br />51. Brown, S., Martinez, M. J., & Parsons, L. M. (2006). Music and language side by side in the brain: A PET study of the generation of melodies and sentences. European Journal of Neuroscience, 33, 2791-2803.<br /><br />52. Donnay, G., Jiradevjong, P., & Limb, C. J. (in prep).<br /><br />53. Caplan, R., & Dapretto, M. (2001). Making sense during conversation: An fMRI study. Neuroreport, 12(16), 3625-3632. <br /> Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04796162963517707328noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-12247312276426007122011-11-08T08:46:00.000-08:002011-11-08T08:46:08.047-08:00Brain Workshop<div style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span><strong>What if a simple mental exercise could improve your memory and intelligence?</strong></span></div><img alt="Brain Workshop screenshot" class="floated-right" src="http://brainworkshop.sourceforge.net/session.png" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: black; display: block; float: right; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: -5px; margin-top: 4px; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" /><div style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">A<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2008/04/25/0801268105.abstract" target="_blank">recent study</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>published in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences" target="_blank">PNAS</a>, an important scientific journal, shows that a memory task called<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><strong>dual n-back improves<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baddeley%27s_model_of_working_memory" target="_blank">working memory</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(short term memory) and<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_intelligence" target="_blank">fluid intelligence</a></strong>. These findings are important because fluid intelligence was previously thought to be unchangeable.</div><div style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">Those findings have since been<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2010.09.001">replicated</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICISE.2009.1124">twice</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>with strongly positive results, and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/108/25/10081.full">two</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0024372">more</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>times in smaller studies with weaker, but still positive, results.</div><div style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><strong>Brain Workshop implements this dual n-back task</strong>, and enables you to improve your working memory and fluid intelligence. The dual n-back task involves remembering a sequence of spoken letters and a sequence of positions of a square at the same time, and identifying when a letter or position matches the one that appeared n trials earlier. Brain Workshop can closely replicate the conditions of the original study. In addition, it also includes optional extended game modes such as<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><strong>Triple N-Back</strong><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<strong>Arithmetic N-Back</strong>. It also includes features such as statistics tracking, graphs and easy configurability.</div><div style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">Anecdotal evidence suggests that the dual n-back task also enhances focus and attention and may help improve the symptoms of ADHD/ADD.</div><div style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">Brain Workshop works on Windows XP, Windows Vista, Mac OS X and Linux.</div><div style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">Since its initial release in August 2008, Brain Workshop has been downloaded over<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><strong>384,000 times!</strong></div><div style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><strong>New to the Dual N-Back phenomenon?</strong></div><ul style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><li>See this<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/04/smart_software" target="_blank">Wired article</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>for an introduction to the Dual N-Back exercise and its benefits.</li>
<li>Read the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.iapsych.com/articles/jaeggi2008.pdf" target="_blank">original research paper</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>by Jaeggi, et al. (2008).</li>
<li>Learn how to play by reading this<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><strong><a href="http://brainworkshop.sourceforge.net/tutorial.html">quick tutorial</a></strong>.</li>
<li><strong><a href="http://brainworkshop.sourceforge.net/download.html">Download</a></strong><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>the software.</li>
</ul><div style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">We welcome the use of Brain Workshop for experimental research. Please<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://brainworkshop.sourceforge.net/contact.html">contact us</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>to discuss this possibility.</div>Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-48902408935407276722011-05-23T07:51:00.000-07:002011-05-23T07:51:05.402-07:00Sun Montage - SOHO NASA Solar Flare X-Flare Comet<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/QdwGb-iJOeI" width="425"></iframe><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">Site » <a class="yt-uix-redirect-link" dir="ltr" href="http://phj.ca/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="http://PHJ.CA">http://PHJ.CA</a> | NASA solar data & simulations from 1998+ I compiled and edited. Also, my Black Hole Montage: <a class="yt-uix-redirect-link" dir="ltr" href="http://www.youtube.com/v/VvhimW97Kj4" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="http://www.youtube.com/v/VvhimW97Kj4">http://www.youtube.com/v/VvhimW97Kj4</a> & my Star Scale Montage: <a class="yt-uix-redirect-link" dir="ltr" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bov9M2gEgcE" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bov9M2gEgcE">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bov9M2gEgcE</a></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Produced by PHJ.</div>Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-81400068899700437822011-05-02T00:53:00.000-07:002011-05-02T00:53:05.237-07:00Scale of the Universe<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ02hYS3-SNryTcqoMrG6IhQzBqn-6KfqJzt66J0OpNhaJvde0H" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ02hYS3-SNryTcqoMrG6IhQzBqn-6KfqJzt66J0OpNhaJvde0H" /></a></div><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.stumbleupon.com/su/2yfJOd/primaxstudio.com/stuff/scale_of_universe/">Visualize</a></div>Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-11435726489135116892011-02-01T10:53:00.000-08:002012-11-15T10:20:27.692-08:00Google Art Project<h1>
<img alt="Art Project, powered by Google" height="35" src="/cmn/img/google-art-project-logo.png" width="199" /> </h1>
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<a href="http://art-project-media.appspot.com/splash/kampa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="123" src="http://art-project-media.appspot.com/splash/kampa.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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Explore museums from around the world, discover and view hundreds of artworks at incredible zoom levels, and even create and share your own collection of masterpieces (<a href="http://www.googleartproject.com/">Go</a>).</div>
<dl style="text-align: justify;">
<dt>What is the ‘Art Project’?</dt>
<dd>A unique collaboration with some of the world’s most acclaimed art museums to enable people to discover and view more than a thousand artworks online in extraordinary detail.
<br />
<ul>
<li><b>Explore museums with Street View technology:</b> virtually move around the museum’s galleries, selecting works of art that interest you, navigate though interactive floor plans and learn more about the museum and you explore.</li>
<li><b>Artwork View:</b> discover featured artworks at high resolution and use the custom viewer to zoom into paintings. Expanding the info panel allows you to read more about an artwork, find more works by that artist and watch related YouTube videos.</li>
<li><b>Create your own collection:</b> the ‘Create an Artwork Collection’ feature allows you to save specific views of any of the 1000+ artworks and build your own personalised collection. Comments can be added to each painting and the whole collection can then be shared with friends and family.</li>
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<a name='more'></a><br />
<ul>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>Why is there a difference between the museums in terms of the number of galleries, artworks and related information?</dt>
<dd>Google approached the museum partners without any curatorial direction, and each museum was able to chose the number of galleries, artwork and information they wanted to include, based on reasons specific to them. All content in the information panel pertaining to individual artworks was also provided by the museums.</dd>
<dt>Why are some areas or specific paintings in the museum Street View imagery blurred?</dt>
<dd>Some of the paintings and features captured with Street View were required to be blurred by the museums for reasons pertaining to copyrights.</dd>
<dt>Are the images on the Art Project site copyright protected?</dt>
<dd>Yes. The high resolution imagery of artworks featured on the art project site are owned by the museums, and these images are protected by copyright laws around the world. The Street View imagery is owned by Google. All of the imagery on this site is provided for the sole purpose of enabling you to use and enjoy the benefit of the art project site, in the manner permitted by <a href="http://www.google.com/accounts/TOS">Google’s Terms of Service</a>.
The normal <a href="http://www.google.com/accounts/TOS" rel="external" target="_blank">Google Terms of Service</a> apply to your use of the entire site.
</dd><dd></dd>
<dt>Our partners:</dt>
<dd>For now the following museums are included in the project:
<br />
<ul>
<li>Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin - Germany</li>
<li>Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian, Washington DC - USA</li>
<li>The Frick Collection, NYC - USA</li>
<li>Gemäldegalerie, Berlin - Germany</li>
<li>The Metropolitan Museum of Art, NYC - USA</li>
<li>MoMA, The Museum of Modern Art, NYC - USA</li>
<li>Museo Reina Sofia, Madrid - Spain</li>
<li>Museo Thyssen - Bornemisza, Madrid - Spain</li>
<li>Museum Kampa, Prague - Czech Republic</li>
<li>National Gallery, London - UK</li>
<li>Palace of Versailles - France</li>
<li>Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam - The Netherlands</li>
<li>The State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg - Russia</li>
<li>State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow - Russia</li>
<li>Tate Britain, London - UK</li>
<li>Uffizi Gallery, Florence - Italy</li>
<li>Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam - The Netherlands</li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
Carlos Vázquezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09266699098392968330noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5802238250902747590.post-34512483713478405132010-10-12T11:22:00.000-07:002010-10-12T11:22:57.173-07:00Perseus Digital Library<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">The Perseus Project is an evolving digital library of resources for the study of the humanities. It is aimed to perform research on developing tools to provide users with improved access to various types of materials. Past work has focused on building and linking together collections. Current work considers ways of developing and refining tools for presentation of the materials in the Perseus DL.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/img/help/qs1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" ex="true" height="166" src="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/img/help/qs1.png" width="400" /></a></div>You can now view the places mentioned in the Perseus Digital Library by <a href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/collections">collection</a> or text through the Google Maps interface. Links to view places in a text can be found on a text page, in the Places box.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0